Spring Boot 单元测试 quickstart

发表于 分类于

引入依赖包

pom.xml
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 <dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

创建测试目录，如下图

Service 层单元测试

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package org.example;

import org.example.po.User;
import org.example.service.UserService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.swing.*;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Starter.class) // Starter 为项目启动类
public class TestUserService {

    // 注入业务逻辑层
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Before
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("单元测试之前执行...");
    }

    @After
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("单元测试之后执行...");
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindUserById(){
        User user = userService.findUserById(1);
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

控制层接口方法测试

视图层代码使用 MockMvc 进行测试

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package org.example;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Starter.class})
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class TestUserController {
    @Resource
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void testFindUserById() throws Exception {
        // 构建请求
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/users/1/id")
            .contentType("text/html") // 设置 contentType 请求头
            .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 设置返回数据类型
            .characterEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 发送请求，获取请求结果
        ResultActions perform = mockMvc.perform(request);

        // 请求校验判断
        perform.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

        // 获取返回的结果
        MvcResult result = perform.andReturn();

        // 得到响应的对象
        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();

        // 得到响应的状态码和结果
        System.out.println("状态码：" + response.getStatus());
        System.out.println("响应数据：" + response.getContentAsString());
    }

    // 简化版本
    @Test
    public void testFindUserById2() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/users/1/id"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andReturn();

        // 得到响应的状态码和结果
        System.out.println("状态码：" + mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus());
        System.out.println("响应数据：" + mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }
}